Apparatus for alternately bending to draw wire or plate



J1me 20, 1967 TASABURO NISHIOKA 3,326,025

APPARATUS FOR ALTERNATELY SENDING TO DRAW WIRE OR PLATE Filed Aug. 14,1964 2 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTOR.

TASABURO NI SHIOKA ATTYS.

June 20, 1967 TASABURO NISHIOKA 3,326,025

APPARATUS FOR ALTERNATELY SENDING TO DRAW WIRE OR PLATE 2 Sheets-Sheet 2Filed Aug. 14, 1964 175 7 F/Zi Raf/'0 of bending d/b/nefer f0 w/red/amefer INVENTOR: TASABURO NISHIOKA ATTYS.

United States Patent 3,326,025 APRARATUS FOR ALTERNAT ELY BENDING TODRAW WIRE 0R PLATE Tasaburo Nishioka, 123 Minamiuemachi, Kishiwadashi,Oosaka-fu, Japan Filed Aug. 14, 1964, Ser. No. 389,737 7 Claims. (Cl.72-161) The invention relates to the method and apparatus for stretchingor drawing a rod, wire, or a plate, hoop, or the elongated material fromthe raw material.

Prior to the present invention, a method for reducing the diameter ofwire for example was to pass the raw material through dies for rollingmills. An Object of the present invention is to provide a method andapparatus characterized by novel features of construction wherein theraw material is drawn by zigzag bending wherein one side alternately isin tension and then in compression.

Another object of the invention comprises the provision of the methodand apparatus of drawing for repeating oppositely the bending of the rawmaterial along the various guide members having a radius of curvaturefrom 2 to 20 times relative to the diameter of raw material, andstretching and transferring continuously said repeated bending materialwhich is processed with larger extension on the tension side relative tolesser contraction on the compression side during the repeated bendingoperation.

Still another object of the invention comprises the provision of themethod and apparatus of drawing for repeating oppositely the bending ofthe raw mate-rial along a pass groove of the guide roller having agroove diameter of a range from 4 to 12 relative to the diameter of theraw material.

Accordingly, it would be understood that the method and apparatus of theinvention for drawing raw material is fundamentally different from theapparatus of drawing of the prior art, and have the particularadvantages of which:

(1) Power economy reducing the friction loss of dies.

(2) Equipment economy.

(3) Operation economy reducing the method of acid pickling to remove thesurface scales of raw material.

(4) Operating economy.

(5) The reduction of the internal stress produced in the drawn material.

However, when the drawn material of the invention has not generally theaccurate round section thereof, if desired, it may pass through thedies, or rollers to correct to the accurate round section thereof.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent uponreading the annexed detailed description in connection with the drawingin which:

FIG. 1 is a side elevational view, partially in section, of theapparatus of the invention;

FIG. 2 is a side view of the wire and the rollers disclosed by theinvention;

FIG. 3 is an enlarged side view of the wire and the triangular edges fordrawing of finer wire;

FIG. 4 is a diagram for illustrating the relation between the wire andthe roller of the invention;

FIG. 5 is the drawing showing the relation between the reducing ratio ofwire diameter and the ratio of bending diameter;

FIGS. 6A and B are the sectional views of the first roller and thesecond roller with a round wire respectively;

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FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 are the sectional views similar to FIG. '6, but thewire is the rectangular or hexagonal form respectively instead of theround bar;

FIG. 9 is a diagrammatic view illustrating schematically drawingapparatus for plate according with the invention.

Referring to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the bending device 5 of the drawingapparatus embodying the invention comprises a plurality of parallelrollers 3, 3, 3a, 3a with pass grooves 10 having the size similar to thehalf size of cross section of the raw material 1 and the support 2rotatably receiving said rollers with the zigzag relation. If desired,the separate bending device 5' with a plurality of parallel rollers 4,4a may be provided in series at right angle to said bending device 5.Therefore, the drawing apparatus of the invention includes the source 6of elongated material, the bending device 5 and/or 5' and the capstan 7and/or the spool 8. The sectional size of the groove 10 of the rollershould be preferably similar to the half size of rolling materialsection and the diameter of roller preferably provides to from 4 to 12times the diameter or width of material to be rolled, after all in anycase it is necessary to provide the permanent strains on the tensionside i.e. the outerside of the bent material. If desired, there may beprovided to a plurality of stationary edge or triangular edge in Zigzagrelation through which the material is passed, but in this case it isnecessary to supply the lubricant to reduce the friction. Thistriangular edge is suitable for the drawing of very fine wire, while itis difilcult to drilling the small aperture in the dies for drawing thevery fine wire such as tungsten wire.

The theoretical description for the reduction of the wire diameter dueto the bending of the invention is as follows.

FIG. 2 shows one example bending the round bar 1 along the groove 10 ofthe roller 3, If the factor of elasticity, elastic limit, yield point,and the factor of plasticity on the tension side or the compression sideof the raw material is substantially equal to each other, the neutralaxis of bending is coincident with the axis of wire.

If the physical property between the tension and the compression has adifference, the neutral axis is biased to whether the tension side, orthe compression side relative to the axis of wire. Now, I assume thatthe compressive strain is not generated, but only the tensile strain isgenerated, then the neutral axis of bending will present on the contactline between the groove surface of roller and the inner surface of wire.

I assume that, after bending, the cross section of wire is maintainedcircular and the volume of wire is not changed always; through thecalculation, I obtained the reduction curve as shown in FIG. 5 from therelation between the diameter of wire and the diameter of roller. Thecalculation form for said reduction curve is as follows:

wherein 6 is the diameter of original wire;

k6 is the diameter of bending member; 6 is the diameter of wire afterbending.

The condition of bent wire is as follows:

(1) The length of inner surface of bent wire, i.e., the

neutral axis thereof, is not changed; (2) The outer section of wirepresents the plastic exable to apply the elongated material with varioussizes or shapes. The ratio of bending diameter to wire diameter may bechanged according to the composition of material to be bent and/or theshape of raw material.

t As shown FIG. 6A and 6B, the sectional diameter enslon f the ass roove13a of the second roller 3a has (3) The volume of wire is not changedbetween before 0 g lesser diameter relatlve to the sectional diameter ofthe and after when the Wm: 15 bent ass roove 13 of second roller 3 nd 8'il to the (4) The cross section of wire is constantly maintained 3 g aIs Im at rawn wire passed through said pass groove 13, and then aregular circular form.

the dlameteii) of pass hgrooves of SUCECSSWZ rolller 118 de- 55 creasedstep ystep. T en, in passingt roug ap ura ity of Reducmg who of Wlredlameter percent 5 +100 rollers it is able to drawfrom thick wire tofine wire b the o ositel re eated bendin without trouble to Reducinratio y pp y P g k; of Wirge ,dia flatten the wire. If desired, bothhorizontal roller and 1 24 5 vertical roller may be arranged alternatelyto prevent 2 the slightly unround deformation.

16 .6 4 10 O In FIG. 7, when the wire to be drawn 1s a rectangular 6 Ishape and, the cross section of pass groove of roller n should be aright-angled triangle shape. In FIG. 8, 8 6.9 10 4 3 when the wire 16 tobe drawn 1s a hexagonal shape, the cross section of pass groove ofroller should be ahalf 20 2.7 30 2 6 size form divided along thediagonal line thereof.

T i f If desired, when electric current flows between the In thevertleal 8X15 Shows the Teduelhg ratlo preferred two points of wire onthe drawing apparatus of of Wire diameter in percentage, and the lateralaxis the invention, said wire can be annealed from the hardened Sh0WSthe magI11fiat1( h 0f the s t r agalnst and cold stressed conditionduring the bending process. the wire diameter, I discovered that thereducing ratio is While the scales of the Wire surface such as the oxideremarkably decreased on the upper p0rt10n 0t the g of metal have notgenerally a flexibility, then said scales fieatloh 10 1"Otter dtathetet,and the lng ratio 15 are separated from the surrounding surface of wireacremarkably increased in the under portion of the magmcording to theoutside extension of wire bending, and ficatlon 9 thereof. Therefore, 1tis desirable to provide a there is no need to usethe acid pickling toseparate ratio between the roller diameter and the wire diameter aidscales of wire surface. to the lesser ratio than a ratio about 9:1,consequently, The water nozzle 12 as shown in FIG. 1 will aid in the thelesser the magnification, the better the appreciable removal of saidscales. As the invention has advantage efteetwhich is substantially noslip between the wires surface However, when I use the lesser rollerdiameter for and the pass groove of roller, it is not necessary tohehdlhg Of Steel Wlfe, the Ieduelhg IatlO 0f Wife dlametet supply thehigh class lubricants different from the drawls greater, h It y have afiefeet to break w the ing with dies as known in prior arts. When it isunsuifiwire according to th ha d g efieet 0f Iedtlelhg 0 cient toprovide only one spool on the last end portion drawlng p e at roomtemperature; Therefore p of apparatus to feed and transfer the wirealong a plu sumed that It m y preferred to define the who of rality ofpass grooves of rollers, it may be provided some hendlhg dlametel' toWife dlametel into the range from capstan on the intermediate desiredportions of apparatus 4 to 10. In the results of experiment, I foundthat the t upply th drawing force to said wire. preferred ratio ofbending diameter to wire diameter is It ill b u der tood that thedrawing apparatus of he ehlflrged the range fr 0m 4 to 15, while the theinvention has a simple construction and is easily Wlfe hehdltlg 0n hroller Inch-Ides always both the replaced with the conventional, dies orrollers. permanent deformation and the elastic deformation. I fl t f iti difficult to draw the wire through ascertained the theory f t1HVenti0h y exPel'lmeIlt in the dies with the reducing ratio under 10%,however, whleh the $tee1W1fe, e0PPet Wire, aluminum Wlfe h like, theapparatus of the invention is proceeded easily with is drawn by only itsbending without compression on thereducing ratio of few percentages ormore percentages. the h' Surface t Wlre y the inwardly radial Also, theapparatus of the invention is easily finely conteree, and Whlch theopposltely repeated bending of Wlre trolled the reducing ratio ofdrawing by changing the by applying the preferred ratio of bendingdiameter is pass groove on'the roller. able to draw effectivelypractically. This invention is The experimental data of the inventionare as follows:

Wire dia., mm. Round Reducing Material N R factor, Strength, E,perratio,

percent kgjmrn. cent percent Max Min. Mean Lead coated wire 0 5.90 5. 405. 91. 6 111. O 7. 21 1 10 5.70 5. 25 5.48 92.1 113.9 4.00 0.5

Steel wire, 5.5 m./1n O 5. 79 5. 56 5. 68 9 36- 4 2 Cu wire 0 5. 52 5.51 5. 52 100. 0 27. 6 12. 10 1 8 4.58 4.36 4. 47 95.1 37.4 3.44 34.3

A1 \Vife O 5.61 5.61 5.61 100.0

in which N is a number of wire drawing device, R

is a number of roller.

Note: Line No. 4 for steel Wire has been drawn through a die to finish around section for comparing with the drawn wire passed through fourdies.

Experimental data of dies drawing is as follows:

Wire dia., mm. Round Reducing Material N R factor, Strength, E,perratio,

percent kg/mrn. cent percent Max. Min. Mean Lead coated wire 1 1 5. 485. 48 5. 48 100 114. 2 5. 10 6.0

Steel wire, 5.5 Ira/m... 1 1 4. 72 4. 72 4. 72 100 57. 1 2. 83 31.0 2 13. 86 3.84 3. 85 100 63. 2 2.15 33. 5 3 1 3.16 3. 3. 16 100 68. 8 1.8032. 8 4 1 2. 52 2. 50 2. 51 100 76. 3 1. 72 3G. 2

Cu wire 1 1 4. 48 4. 46 4. 47 100 38. 1 3. 51 34.3

A1 wire 1 1 4. 23 4. 23 4.23 100 13. 3 2. 78 43. 1

It will be seen from which eight rollers of the invention corresponds toone die with the reducing ratio of from 30 to 33 percentages for steelwire and with the reducing ratio of about 43% for aluminum wire.

If desired, it may be provided outwardly complementary roller forcontact with the roller of the invention to promote the drawing of wireby its rolling press.

FIG. 9 shows another embodiment of the invention for the elongatedplate, in which several rollers 23, 23', 23a, 23a for plate to be drawnis provided. When the width of roller is larger, it may be provided theback up roller 24 to pervent the bending tendency of said rollers 23, 23along their axes. To promote the drawing of wire, it may be providedoutwardly complementary roller for contact with said roller 23, 23' toreduce the rolling steps.

Whereas the invention has been shown and described with respect to thepreferred embodiments thereof which gives satisfactory results, itshould be understood that changes may be made and equivalentssubstituted without departing from the spirit and scope of theinvention.

I claim as my invention:

1. Drawing apparatus for raw material such as wire or plate comprising asource from which the raw material is supplied, a bending device havinga plurality of parallel rollers arranged in Zig-zag relation and take upmeans on which the drawn wire or plate is accumulated, said rollercomprising horizontal and vertical rollers arranged alternatively toprevent the un-round section.

is provided in series at right angle relation to said bending device.

4. Drawing apparatus as described in claim 1 wherein the ratio ofbending diameter to wire diameter has a range from about 2 to 20.

5. Drawing apparatus as described in claim 1, wherein several capstanare arranged on the suitable intermediate portion of said bendingdevice.

6. Drawing apparatus as described in claim 1, wherein a complementroller is arranged on the outside portion of bending roller to promotethe reducing ratio of raw material.

7. Drawing apparatus for raw material such as wire or plate comprising asource from which the raw material is supplied, a bending device havinga plurality of parallel rollers arranged in Zig-Zag relation, take upmeans on which the drawn wire or plate is accumulated and at least onedie behind the bending device to shape the drawn wire to a desired crosssection.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 511,422 12/1893 Haskin 72-1661,824,568 9/1931 Peirce 72-362 WILLIAM W. DYER, IR., Primary Examiner.

G. A. DOST, Assistant Examiner.

1. DRAWING APPARATUS FOR RAW MATERIAL SUCH AS WIRE OR PLATE COMPRISING ASOURCE FROM WHICH THE RAW MATERIAL IS SUPPLIED, A BENDING DEVICE HAVINGA PLURALITY OF PARALLEL ROLLERS ARRANGED IN ZIG-ZAG RELATION AND TAKE UPMEANS